Thursday, April 9, 2020

The Island Editorial

Virus, heat and dosh

Covid-19, so far, has snuffed out about 90,000 lives and landed more than 1.53 million people in hospital, around the world. Scientists have not yet been able to figure out exactly how the virus spreads. It was thought, at the beginning of the pandemic, that coronavirus transmission occurred through respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing, but medical experts now believe that patients could spread the disease by simply speaking or breathing. With hindsight, we now know doctors erred, at the initial stages of the global health emergency, by discouraging people from wearing facemasks. That precautionary measure should have been encouraged, from the word go, though panic buying caused a shortage of facemasks because asymptomatic cases account for 25-50% of coronavirus infections, according to American medical experts.

It is popularly thought that people living in tropical countries are less susceptible to Covid-19 than their counterparts, in cooler climes. Hope is said to spring eternal. Those living in the northern hemisphere are reportedly expecting coronavirus to fade when that part of the world gets warm. But there is bad news for those banking on warm weather to neutralise the resilient virus. The US National Academy of Sciences has, in a report, informed the White House that various research reports it has reviewed do not offer any clear forecast of what would happen to the coronavirus spread, in the summer, according to the New York Times. Besides, Iran is one of the countries badly hit by coronavirus, which has carried off nearly 4,000, there, in spite of hot weather.

Meanwhile, people may practise physical distancing (wrongly called social distancing, which, sociologically speaking, has the potential to tear societies apart), in keeping with the internationally accepted health guidelines, but never do they maintain any distance between money and themselves. Coronavirus is able to survive on paper and metal surfaces for hours, we are told, and money can be an ideal medium, through which the elusive germ can spread fast.

A person who tests positive for Covid-19 and those who have associated with him or her get isolated, but the money that passes through their hands continue to circulate, carrying the virus and infecting others. People usually don’t wash their hands after handling money, do they? Thus, some people may be carrying the dangerous virus in their pockets, wallets, handbags, etc. Curiously, no serious effort is being made to disinfect currency notes and coins. Only a few banks and other financial institutions care to disinfect paper money, we are told.

It is the expert opinion that the use of plastic money should be encouraged, during the present crisis. But, in this country, some businessmen charge a fee for credit card payments. This practice amounts to the exploitation of customers, but credit card companies and the state institutions responsible for protecting consumers have chosen to ignore it. So much for the promotion of plastic money.

It is said that while the Buddha was trekking, through a village, with Ananda Thera, one day, he pointed to something and called it a venomous snake. The latter looked in that direction, saw some money lying on the road, and nodded in agreement. Hardly any sybarite dislikes money, much less considers it a snake, venomous or otherwise. But, the question is why, in the present context, dosh is not at least considered a medium of viral infection.

Daily Mirror Editorial

Let’s return to our saving habits

Friday 10th April, 2020

Sri Lankans are experiencing a shortage of food due to the present crisis that has surfaced due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Though there are speculative stories circulating that vegetables might rot at the economic centres in the island nation, the regime had to take a firm decision to shut down these facilities because people didn’t adhere to health regulations. 

What we are seeing today is a total waste of the food that we grow. Such a situation would have been unheard of in the past because this is a nation where its people knew how to save food and money to survive difficult times. 

Sri Lankans are rice eaters; saying that our staple food is rice will have no punch in it. The present generation might stuff up on rice and lead sedentary lifestyles as opposed to the people of yonder who burned all those calories through active agriculture practices.

Ancient Sri Lankans thought of a tomorrow; a future which might take into consideration adverse developments like floods and famine. We can learn from the farming community of yesteryear about how to save. These farmers used a paddy storage tool called the ‘vee bissa’-where paddy was stored for future consumption and cultivation. Back in the good old days the number of ‘vee bissas’ owned by a person indicated an individual’s wealth and influence in the society. Those who had such facilities were in demand in the marriage market. Today the habit of saving has been sent into oblivion by some sections of the society because credit cards have given people supreme buying power. If credit cards have given customers something handy they have taken away something of huge importance, the habit of saving. The farming community which used this tool to save their produce never knew of a common problem which exists at present which is the shortage of paddy storage space.

When we look at the many irrigation tanks which are still around we can see that our ancient kings didn’t waste a drop of water which fell on our soil. Water cuts were unheard of then because people stored water and also dug wells in their premises for daily use. Ancient Sri Lankans boasted of being a hydraulic civilization and their lives were associated with these tanks. 

Just about a year ago we had a shortage of rice at supermarkets. There are stories of there being a mafia in the rice industry. The paddy mill owners are calling the shots and there are times when the government is also helpless when there is a shortage of rice.

There was a time when ancient Sri Lanka was known to be self-sufficient and this was when ‘chena’ cultivation thrived in the country. For the record, this type of cultivation has a history spanning over 5000 years and is termed as the oldest form of cultivation in the island. 

Apart from battling the COVID-19 virus another concern we have is about how to celebrate the upcoming Sinhala-Tamil New Year. We do have shortages of certain food items and our new year tables might not be that impressive as a result. But on a positive note we can concentrate on making some selected sweetmeats at home. Such home products might be cherished more than the products that we buy at supermarkets and put on the table.

During the Premiership of Sirimavo Bandaranaike Sri Lankans were taught the habit of cultivating on their plots of land. The concrete jungles we live in today don’t support this philosophy of ‘growing at home’. But now it seems that as a result of COVID-19 people have started to seriously consider growing some vegetables at home. Some have already got a head start to growing at home. 

The pandemic would vanish one day and life would return to normal. We would have derived something positive out of this negative situation if we return to our saving habit. 

Daily News Editorial

World solidarity against COVID-19

The death of one more victim of COVID-19 last evening brought the total fatalities in the country to seven while the number of infected people detected stood at 188. While, compared with the huge numbers affected by COVID-19 in Western Europe and Northern America, this does not seem much, we must remember that we have yet to test substantial numbers of the population.

Thanks to the sharing of data and research among all the world’s medical agencies and scientific reporting media, we have the ability to compare conditions in different parts of the world. Constant sharing of scientific monitoring by national and international research agencies provides us with the range of national and regional experiences in combating the pandemic.

Aside from the amazing capacities provided us by the World Wide Web, we are today fortunate enough to have an enormous, tightly knit, global network of organisations and specialized institutions focusing on the crisis. We are well informed of every move to counter the pandemic by agencies and researchers and health administrators from the World Health Organisation downwards to national governments and our local PHIs (Public Health Inspectors).

Seven hundred years ago, when the whole of medieval Europe and parts of Asia were devastated by the ‘Black Death’ pandemic caused by the Bubonic Plague, neither the Internet nor the network of collaborating international agencies existed. Terrified populations had no idea what was causing people to fall ill and die so fast.

Historical research into that 14th century pandemic, however, has shown that in different parts of Europe, specific local experience of the disease and the efforts to treat victims actually did result in some findings at that time, especially in localised methods to combat the contagion.

In Italy, where the Plague first hit western Europe, medical practitioners of the time, after much bitter experimentation in treatment procedure, did learn that the disease was communicable among humans through the air especially from expelling of human breath (although they did not know of viruses). They also learnt that whatever the infected people handled - whether clothing or utensils or furniture – could become infected and could infect others.

At the same time, in the trading republic of Dubrovnik, in what is now Croatia, health authorities instituted the practice of ‘quarantine’ as a procedure to combat the spread of the Plague. In fact, the term seems to have been first used in that city. ‘Quarantine’ referred to the 40-day period of seclusion that was then imposed on Plague-infected people by the Dubrovnik republic authorities.

But the world did not have any system of international relations and mechanisms that enabled the quick sharing of this knowledge to other parts of Europe and Asia. If the knowledge had been shared and communications had enabled the comparison of epidemic experiences across regions, it would have certainly helped reduce the attrition of the Plague.

When the 1918 Influenza pandemic (Spanish Flu) hit Europe and spread to parts of Central and East Asia, there was a modicum of international sharing of information. Nevertheless, the world reportedly lost tens of millions of lives due to this ’flu pandemic.

Today, the world is grateful for the existence not only of a global health governance system but also of other bilateral and multilateral inter-state relationships that are enabling nations to help each other and share resources.

China, befitting its size and stature as the world’s largest producer and second largest economy, has barely waited for its own COVID-19 epidemic to ease before it has begun extending the hand of friendship. Teams of Chinese experts, equipped with their own research and experience of the epidemic, are fanning out across the world to advise other severely affected countries.

Ironically, they are now in some countries whose news media scoffed at China’s rigorous measures to overcome COVID-19.

The ‘supplier to the world’ is already producing various types of disease combating equipment, including clothing and face masks, and Beijing is shipping them all over the world from the much-vaunted USA to Europe, to Africa and to Sri Lanka. The Western news media is beginning to appreciate not only China’s sheer might but also the sophistication of Beijing’s global health diplomacy which cannot be compared with the scrounging for pandemic countering resources now resorted to by some of the First World powers.

Little Cuba has sent teams of brave doctors and medical specialists to COVID-afflicted Europe to join the frontline battle against the pandemic.

India, too, despite its own struggle against COVID-19, has gifted Sri Lanka with a consignment of valuable equipment.

We are fortunate to have two of the world’s largest manufacturers of pharmaceuticals, China and India, as close friends who have a good record of helping us in times of under-development and crisis.

Sri Lankans must take inspiration from this global human endeavour and burden-sharing to steel ourselves to show more disciplined social behaviour to win this struggle.

The Island Editorial

Prepare for the worst-case scenario

Thursday April 10, 2020

Prime Minster Mahinda Rajapaksa, in his address to the nation, on Tuesday, stressed the need for everyone to remain manically focused on the country’s battle against the coronavirus pandemic, which, he said, should be considered the nation’s worst enemy. One cannot but agree with him, on this score. Nothing has ever rendered the whole world so helpless. About 1.5 million people have been afflicted with coronavirus, the world over, and the death toll therefrom exceeds 83,000. Only about 310,000 Covid-19 patients have so far recovered. New infections continue to be detected, at an alarming rate. About 190 Covid-19 infections have been detected, in this country and, out of them, seven have died.

We must be mindful of the economic fallout from the coronavirus crisis, while doing everything possible to beat the germ.

The Covid-19 pandemic, and the preventive measures that had to be adopted, frantically, to curb its spread, here, at the expense of the national economy, have aggravated the pecuniary woes of the public. Most people are struggling to keep the wolf from the door. Daily wage earners are the worst affected. Fixed income earners will also feel the pinch, shortly, because almost all shops, factories and other workplaces remain closed. The situation is bound to take a turn for the worse, within the next few weeks, unless the much-dreaded virus goes away, allowing the country to be opened up, again. It will be quite a while before the battered economy staggers to its feet. We will be lucky if there is no negative economic growth during the first quarter of the current year.

The International Labour Organisation (ILO) has made a gloomy prognosis; it says about two billion people are at the risk of sinking into poverty due to the Covid-19 crisis. More than 81% of the global workforce of 3.3 billion—or four out of five workers—have been affected by the full, or partial, workplace closures, due to the coronavirus pandemic, according to ILO. The Covid-19 crisis is expected to eliminate 6.7% working hours, around the world, in the second quarter of the current year, and this will amount to 195 million job losses globally, ILO Director General Guy Ryder has told the media.

The ILO statistics are chilling, to say the least. In Asia and the Pacific, the number of full-time workers, who are expected to lose employment, is as high as 125 million. In the US, the unemployment rate has jumped to 4.4% from a 50-year low of 3.5%, owing to the Covid-19 crisis, according to US media. The ILO predicts an 8.1% reduction in employment (or a loss of 5 million full-time jobs) in Arab countries, and a 7.8% reduction in employment (or a loss 12 million full-time jobs) in Europe.

Unemployment leads to social unrest and other such problems as well as politico-social upheavals. Only a truly global effort will help overcome this unprecedented socio-economic challenge of gargantuan proportions, according to ILO. Easier said than done. When the viral crisis is over, the world will revert to the pre-Covid-19 state, and a concerted effort to salvage the global economy will be conspicuous by its absence.

The European Union (EU) member States are already at loggerheads over the proposed rescue plan to bail out the hard-hit ones among them. The Netherlands has opposed the plan as it is not agreeable to the bailout conditions, according to a report we publish, today. Talks among the EU finance ministers lasted for about 16 hours, the other day, but ended inconclusively, compelling the Eurogroup to be adjourned. This being the experience of the close-knit EU, with common interests and a shared future, how difficult it would be to make other nations, which are at outs with one another, join forces to rescue the global economy is not difficult to imagine.

Countries, like Sri Lanka, must prepare for the worst-case scenario.